Another performance issue with early EMV (I assume before NFC) is that it supports more different applications ("cards") on same physical card and there is no p

Another performance issue with early EMV (I assume before NFC) is that it supports more different applications ("cards") on same physical card and there is no preferred one and the terminal essentially tries random file names until it finds something (and in fact is even supposed to continue the search to exhaustion for the rare case when the card contains more than one usable EMV application, in which case the customer is supposed to select the used one from menu). In current version the cards are supposed to contain data file with known name which specifies the filename of preferred application, this is required for NFC cards for somewhat obvious reasons, but AFAIK only recommended for contact-only. This process is probably the largest part of what happens when the terminal/ATM displays message like "Chip initialisation in progress".