AI, like any other militarily-beneficial technology, will advance whether some societies want it to or not. Nuclear weapons, drones, armored vehicles... These a

AI, like any other militarily-beneficial technology, will advance whether some societies want it to or not. Nuclear weapons, drones, armored vehicles... These are all similar examples where being the ethical "sucker" is extremely hazardous to the survival of your state. The access people have to possible neural enhancements will be dependent on the rules of their society: Chinese social ratings, US economic status, Russian political connections, etc. Will a criminal have a harder time getting neural enhancements in China or the US? Our definition of what a criminal is will be wildly different in edge cases. I think an interesting, current corrolary is nootropics and meditation. These are not going to inherently make you a "good" person,and they are easily accessible to anyone who wants them. If you want to train your brain and increase your self-control, it's ultimately up to you what you do with those advantages. Formal consequences emerge when new behaviors are perceived as detrimental to society. In terms of how neural enhancements will.make us smarter, does it really matter? If the output is what you intended, at what point do you need to focus on how you got there? Anyways, pick a challenge and put an enhanced and unenhanced human head-to-head. We'll discover our new capabilities through experimentation, just as we always have.