The Economist criticizes Vestager for fining Google and Apple. It concedes that both were anticompetitive, but complains that there is no proof "that consumers

The Economist criticizes Vestager for fining Google and Apple. It concedes that both were anticompetitive, but complains that there is no proof "that consumers were denied a superior service as a consequence". But that's an impossibly high bar: no one can guarantee that competition will emerge; regulation can only provide a level playing field. So I don't think that this is a good article to prove your point.