"but the amount of time and energy saved by having "exact change" every transaction should increase productivity enough to cover any costs." I doubt that's the

"but the amount of time and energy saved by having "exact change" every transaction should increase productivity enough to cover any costs." I doubt that's the case, especially since fees are usually percent based. Someone accepting, making change for, and depositing $1000 vs. $1 takes about the same amount of effort, but $1000 charged will cost them much more than $1 charge. Maybe if the fees were flat or something like 0.001%, but they're always much higher.