>There is a parade of 'content' to get through Did you know that the content is also shallow? According to E.D. Hirsch [1], one of the reasons low-income and o

>There is a parade of 'content' to get through Did you know that the content is also shallow? According to E.D. Hirsch [1], one of the reasons low-income and other marginalized groups do bad in schools after elementary school is because they lack the exposure to "cultural vocabulary" and end up feeling like a fish out of water when any more challenging material comes up. So in line with the spirit of the OP, some of the "tooling" that we need in education is simply a deeper understanding of the national culture that all well-educated people have naturally adopted. For instance, you could help low income students by simply having them watch shows like The Big Bang Theory and then maybe have a discussion about it in class. (And I say this as someone who doesn't like that show. But I know it speaks a very strong cultural language used by well-educated Americans.) [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_literacy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_literacy