The majority of car-makers are Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) expertise shops, plus a design arm, plus a manufacturing arm. Most farm out the design and manuf

The majority of car-makers are Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) expertise shops, plus a design arm, plus a manufacturing arm. Most farm out the design and manufacture of the other components (suspension, brakes, seats, airbags, etc). Every electric car that Ford or BMW sells is the loss of a sale of a higher margin ICE car. Because of this, none of them have an incentive to switch unless some outside force makes them, or they see a huge percentage of customers demand electric and only electric. It's not just culture or stubbornness. These companies simply don't want to replace their high margin ICE cars with fairly-invested expertise and tooling, with a lower margin car that will, almost at best, just 1:1 replace the sale of a higher margin ICE car. So they'll have "options" here and there, but they are going to wait and see for at least half a decade before they commit to anything like meaningful production numbers, a charger network, etc.