Please explain the confounding variables present across multiple sources of this information, especially given that the predominant religion is (by design) supp

Please explain the confounding variables present across multiple sources of this information, especially given that the predominant religion is (by design) supposed to influence, and be a hallmark of approved/condoned, behavior. I've heard "ethnic/racial homogeneity" oft-referenced as a criticism, but you can't just say that- you have to show that homogeneity is separately correlated with reduced crime, without regard to religious orientation. Once you do that, THEN you can levy this criticism.