Very interesting. The accuracy achieved is quite impressive -- I think it would be lower when the technique would be applied in practice, since the assumptions

Very interesting. The accuracy achieved is quite impressive -- I think it would be lower when the technique would be applied in practice, since the assumptions that are made are quite strong. For looser assumptions (no disclosure about the compiler/optimization level, highest optimization level enabled, larger pool size), the technique is less accurate. In practice, it might be interesting to give a fuzzier output - the esimated probability that an individual wrote the code for a certain binary. This would help when two programmers (say, Alice and Bob) write code that yields binaries with similar properties. In the current system, either Alice or Bob is picked -- there is no way to express that it might be either of them.