> Surely, we don't have to work with raw quantum electrodynamics when designing an FPGA, even though that's what's going on "under the hood". Probably. But th

> Surely, we don't have to work with raw quantum electrodynamics when designing an FPGA, even though that's what's going on "under the hood". Probably. But that doesn't mean you might not see the effects of it. I can't find the story/paper at the moment due to too much noise in my searches, but a team of researchers gave some kind of machine learning process (I think genetic programming) an FPGA to treat as a black box to solve some problem. It ended up making a program for the FPGA that didn't work on any other FPGA, and had what should be useless elements in the program that didn't connect anywhere, but without which the whole system wouldn't work properly. So at the least they had some kind of weird effect going on that wouldn't be explained by normal analysis. edit: Found it: https://www.damninteresting.com/on-the-origin-of-circuits/ https://www.damninteresting.com/on-the-origin-of-circuits/