The other approach, which was popular in some parts of Europe during the mid 20th century, is a practice that grew out of various Socialist and Communist moveme

The other approach, which was popular in some parts of Europe during the mid 20th century, is a practice that grew out of various Socialist and Communist movements and which is often given the umbrella term "democratic centralism". That term covers a wide variety of practices, but in places like Germany and Sweden it was understood to consist of "Get everyone together and allow them to argue an idea as fiercely as they can, but then once a decision is made, everyone needs to commit to it and take full responsibility for it." And that method had various successes, especially in industrial settings.