The checkers example actually used machine learning though. Here's the linked PDF: https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/greatworks/samuel1959.pdf https://www.cs.

The checkers example actually used machine learning though. Here's the linked PDF: https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/greatworks/samuel1959.pdf https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/greatworks/samuel1959.pdf Scroll down to the section labeled "Learning procedure involving generalizations"