In praxis a streaming library like pipes, streaming or conduit handles the file handles for you so application code is safe. Safe-ish in the case of streaming b

In praxis a streaming library like pipes, streaming or conduit handles the file handles for you so application code is safe. Safe-ish in the case of streaming but that is a conscious tradeoff between convenience and safety. You could argue that libraries shouldn't contain unsafe code either and go with a substructural type system, use indexed monads, fake regions or something similar. Whether the extra complexity is worth it is arguable, though.