This raises the question of why this would not be an optimal strategy for other mammals, or if it would be, why it has not arisen independently in many other li

This raises the question of why this would not be an optimal strategy for other mammals, or if it would be, why it has not arisen independently in many other lineages. The headline states that hosting viruses is a cost of flying, but it does not really say what the downside of doing so is, given that the viruses do not seem to be harming the bats. Perhaps it leaves them more vulnerable when dangerous pathogens come along, such as the fungus causing White-nose Syndrome in North American bats. The article says that bats are relatively long-lived, suggesting that this adaptation is not a compromise, though it may be that the advantages of being a bat (presumably coming mostly from flying) compensate for any compromise that this trait requires. The article mentions a consequence of flight, stress-induced DNA leakage into cells that could trigger an auto-immune response, that might have increased the selective pressure for this adaptation in bats alone (among mammals). I imagine someone will be looking into whether birds have a similar adaptation.