In his book Behave[1], biologist Robert Sapolosky explains the issue as follows: > Heritability scores are relevant only to the environments in which the trait

In his book Behave[1], biologist Robert Sapolosky explains the issue as follows: > Heritability scores are relevant only to the environments in which the traits have been studied. The more environments you study a trait in, the lower the heritability is likely to be. He goes on for several pages, describing the ways the surrounding environment can change an organism's gene expression, and I think this quote best summarizes his point: > Here’s a rule of thumb for recognizing gene/environment interactions, translated into English: You are studying the behavioral effects of a gene in two environments. Someone asks, “What are the effects of the gene on some behavior?” You answer, “It depends on the environment.” Then they ask, “What are the effects of environment on this behavior?” And you answer, “It depends on the version of the gene.” “It depends” = a gene/environment interaction. [1]: https://www.amazon.com/Behave-Biology-Humans-Best-Worst/dp/1594205078 https://www.amazon.com/Behave-Biology-Humans-Best-Worst/dp/1...