> Also as other commenters note, if it succeeds and lowers air pollution significantly it might save more than it costs in fines and respiratory disease treatme

> Also as other commenters note, if it succeeds and lowers air pollution significantly it might save more than it costs in fines and respiratory disease treatment & lost productivity costs. I have not seen these calculations. > Affordance is one thing, convenience is another. I can well afford to buy a ticket, but not having to? Not needing to plan for queuing at the vending machine for an individual ticket, or seeing my bus/train leave because I was a bit short and had to make a stop? Not suffering the hassle of finding my passcard and seeing NFC fail because it's too hot, too cold or Tuesday? Not being caged in/out of the public transport system? That's all non-problems for most people. Here in Hamburg many people have month or year cards. Buying tickets via mobile phones is easy and common now. There is also no NFC involved. If I'm moving in Hamburg, I usually get a day ticket on my mobile phone - which is cheaper than two normal trip tickets. The ticket is valid for local trains, bus, ferry, ... > bus/train leave because I was a bit short and had to make a stop The public transport system is really really dense. If your bus leaves without you, the next one comes in a few minutes. > 20 years back there were no porticos anywhere, you could walk/run from the station's entrance to the train without having to stop anywhere standard in the whole of Germany. > People who have to take public transports during rush hours won't take it even more Sure they would. Demand would go up over much of the day, which means infrastructure investments. > Car tax doesn't just affect cities with good public transport infrastructure. Why not? Even German cities with extensive public transport systems have lots of car traffic.