If you're a DOE project at a lab and you need compute, they aren't willing to give you money to purchase hardware or cloud unless you have an extremely compelli

If you're a DOE project at a lab and you need compute, they aren't willing to give you money to purchase hardware or cloud unless you have an extremely compelling reason why you need to do that, and "Our software doesn't support GPUs/KNL/the Cray OS" isn't a valid excuse. They don't want you buying pizza boxes and they don't want you using cloud, they want you using the supercomputers they've already sunk money in. Small NSF projects are probably fine to do what they want, 50M+ range is probably where they kick you off to an XSEDE service provider.