Further, most modern streaming services actually apply a normalization to playback by default. Spotify, for example, normalizes all tracks to -11 LUFS (a scale

Further, most modern streaming services actually apply a normalization to playback by default. Spotify, for example, normalizes all tracks to -11 LUFS (a scale for perceptual loudness): https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/mastering-streaming-services https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/mastering-streaming-... So something from the peak of the loudness wars (like the Metallica album cited by the author) will actually sound a bit quieter and duller on Spotify than something with -11 LUFS of dynamic range.