The paper seems to be talking about deliberate practice of an instrument, but then measuring what jazz musicians call 'ear training'. When I was preparing for c

The paper seems to be talking about deliberate practice of an instrument, but then measuring what jazz musicians call 'ear training'. When I was preparing for conservatory auditions, I did quite a bit of ear training, things like recognizing intervals between notes, cadences/chord progressions, etc after having them played to you. Before I started any sort of training/practice regimen, I'm quite sure I could never identify a tritone or minor third being payed on a piano. After a lot of deliberate ear training, I certainly could. And I suspect most people could as well, but not by just sitting there listening to things you don't understand, but rather by 'deliberate practice' and learning. A major 5th is easily recognized as the interval between the first notes in a popular star wars theme, a minor 3rd is the interval between the first two notes in greensleeves. These sorts of associations were how I taught myself. This study is baffling...