reliably read 13 cards a second ... and with considerable tolerance for bent or frayed cards. As late as the late 80s, Lockheed used IBM cards for time cards

reliably read 13 cards a second ... and with considerable tolerance for bent or frayed cards. As late as the late 80s, Lockheed used IBM cards for time cards (for everyone, hourly or salaried). Lots of handling, lots of abuse, yet over 99% read ok on first try. That's over 14,000 in one job (program) every week for years on end.