It is widely assumed Pāṇinian languages (generated using the formalism he used for describing Sanskrit) are context free languages but the following paper argue

It is widely assumed Pāṇinian languages (generated using the formalism he used for describing Sanskrit) are context free languages but the following paper argues that they are a much larger set than CFLs. https://web.stanford.edu/~kiparsky/Papers/panini-1.pdf https://web.stanford.edu/~kiparsky/Papers/panini-1.pdf My Knuth tale: I happened to be sitting near Prof. Knuth at a dinner last December and I mentioned to him Pāṇini & Sanskrit in the context of something I work on now and then. He heard Sanskrit and immediately pointed me to this Christmas lecture of his!