Thank you for the links, these were just vague concepts to me before where I understood the intent, but I shall read up on the specifics now. In planned events

Thank you for the links, these were just vague concepts to me before where I understood the intent, but I shall read up on the specifics now. In planned events and traditional health care your argument makes sense. I was specifically thinking about emergency care or other situations where communication isn't always possible or made in a timely manner. If a someone comes into an ER and turns out needs say a stent put in, when do you get clear agreement? (caveat I am clearly not a medical professional and this might be a terrible example). My assumption is largely the hospital does not wait to validate someone's credit to execute what would otherwise be something done for normal retail transactions of similar size.