What's the reasonable test surface for a new type of brake or tire or electrical system? These are things that you can reasonably well do some fundamental engin

What's the reasonable test surface for a new type of brake or tire or electrical system? These are things that you can reasonably well do some fundamental engineering analysis on and say "that seems like a good design" or not. It's also something that you can test in a way that gives you a high confidence that your tests are sufficient to provide high confidence in the design. And even then there are problems that slip through. Switching from a human driver to software automated driving is a much bigger change in automobiles than has ever come before. It's also one with a much larger reasonable test surface, by orders of magnitude. Systemic risk? How about meltdown and spectre vulnerabilities? The failure mode of most new hardware in cars requires either edge cases or corner cases to result in the worst case scenario of a crash at speed. And yet that's a very common failure mode in autonomous driving. You can't realistically have a car that can autonomously drive itself 90% or even 99% of the time, it must be nearly exactly 100% of the time to be worthwhile and safe.