All three of you above are right, I believe. And I don't see why we couldn't add fungi to this mix. Along with Titanium Dioxide: https://www.sciencedirect.com

All three of you above are right, I believe. And I don't see why we couldn't add fungi to this mix. Along with Titanium Dioxide: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061812002991 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095006181... [check the citing papers: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=13621071646755915535 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=1362107164675591553...] And also, we have polymer based cement nowadays: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433217327174 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016943321... The "Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering" back in 2013 had a special issue on "Materials Innovations for Sustainable Infrastructure": https://ascelibrary.org/toc/jmcee7/25/7 https://ascelibrary.org/toc/jmcee7/25/7 And here's a 2017 "Review on Characterization and Mechanical Performance of Self-cleaning Concrete": https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/abs/2017/11/matecconf_etic2017_01022/matecconf_etic2017_01022.html https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/abs/201... In addition to this, here's a 2008 article from MIT Technology Review on concrete specifically designed to capture somewhat absurd amounts of CO2: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/410499/a-concrete-fix-to-global-warming/ https://www.technologyreview.com/s/410499/a-concrete-fix-to-... And then there's this whole glow in the dark concrete business: https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/glow-in-the-dark-cement/index.html https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/glow-in-the-dark-cemen... The highly inovative thing about this glow in the dark cement isn't that it glows in the dark - it's the fact that it's UV condusive, similar to translucent concrete: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translucent_concrete https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translucent_concrete And this distinguishes it from the much older glow stone concrete tech, marketed by companies like Ambient Glow Tech: https://ambientglowtechnology.com https://ambientglowtechnology.com ...Core Glow: https://www.coregravel.ca/core-decor/core-glow/ https://www.coregravel.ca/core-decor/core-glow/ And many other companies. Although that kind of stuff also seems really really nice. There's also LiTraCon, which adds optical fibers to the mix: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiTraCon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiTraCon Like many fields of science, material science seems to have become absolutely crazy in the last two decades with a huge swath of research, so much of it that nobody actually manages/bothers to combine all the disparat and different discoveries into one huge gigantic leap. Instead you get special materials A to Z, each with their own special flavor. It seems highly likely that ~7±2 years from now, someone will come along and do so, synthesizing the majority of these discoveries into one bigass leap in material science. If it hasn't happened already in someone's head and we'll find their paper on arxiv later this year. I'd speculate this will likely come out of either India or China, as western patent laws would make any such leaps-and-bounds innovations absurdly expensive with gigantic patent wars happening. Whereas if China or India suddendly start using concrete of this kind inside their own countries only, what you gonna do about it to stop them? Sue them? Watch either of them give negative shits. (I could see this becoming problematic with China and their massive road construction in Africa tho.) To provide some additional future speculation: It seems likely to me that this will then lead a pseudo-revival of Brutalist architecture, but modified by knowledge we have today, with structures appearing, paradoxically, as both more organically rounded (hence the pseudo-, since that won't match the Brutalist style) AND more synthetically jagged. I say this because: 1. It seems almost certain to me that any such 'new concrete' would end up a lot less grey than Portland cement, if you look at Roman concrete as an example, both normal Roman concrete and Roman marine concrete have a color significantly less grey than normal Portland concrete. Adding Titanium dioxide and other materials innovations to that would likely shift this further into a more white-ish hue. 2. It seems highly likely to me that they'll modify the Trichoderma reesei from the parent article to include bioluminescence. Likely for the purpose of making it easily tracable in the concrete as part of research. And then someone in the lab will go "wow that looks pretty". Combine this with what I've already pointed out and you'll get very crazy looking buildings. 3. We know a lot more about the geometry of architecture than we did in the last century. For examples, see here: * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_number https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_number * https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-015-0285-1 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-015-0285-1 * https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francisco_Javier_Roldan-Medina/publication/283490185_Unraveling_the_Classic_Proportions_Through_the_Anthropometric_Analysis_of_the_Architectural_Heritage_The_Case_of_the_Pantheon/links/563a4dd908ae405111a5841f/Unraveling-the-Classic-Proportions-Through-the-Anthropometric-Analysis-of-the-Architectural-Heritage-The-Case-of-the-Pantheon.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francisco_Javier_Roldan... * Everything ever done by Christopher Alexander (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Alexander https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Alexander) And many more reason I don't have the capacity to go into right now, consider this only the tip of a very large iceberg.