If they are too big to effectively function or counter threats then how did they get that big in the first place? Clearly size has benefits that compensate for

If they are too big to effectively function or counter threats then how did they get that big in the first place? Clearly size has benefits that compensate for some of the undeniable downsides. It's almost a tautology. Also, look at the great organisational and cultural variety among big companies. Size is not the only thing that defines organisational complexity and effectiveness.