I don't know anything about physics research, but it would seem that there is a more nuanced balance between basic research and things that can be applied soon.

I don't know anything about physics research, but it would seem that there is a more nuanced balance between basic research and things that can be applied soon. Basic research requires a high risk tolerance and deep pockets, but a potentially huge return. For example, I can't imagine how much money Google has sunk into self-driving. And, it's now looking like they'll make it back thousands of times over. But, years ago, it could have failed after a 9 or 10 figure investment. To sustain that (outside of government funding), you have to be doing something else that pays the bills.