This article isn't great, it provides weak evidence for the first point and speculates on the final two points based on personal experience. The fact that this

This article isn't great, it provides weak evidence for the first point and speculates on the final two points based on personal experience. The fact that this article is garbage doesn't mean it's wrong, though. I'm very close to someone who works on healthcare UI/ux and it's true that they aren't allowed to encourage use of their healthcare (ie going to a doctor). Whether or not this goes farther to out right denying claims, I can't say, as it likely depends on the provider (UA is likely to be awful whereas non-profit orgs are probably less so). But at the very least, they put a lot of thought into minimizing costs, which can hurt patients in life threatening ways. It's pretty easy to see the incentives are all fucked and will lead to this sort of thing.