> the overlap between important human antibiotics and the widely used animal antibiotics is modest. The overlap may be modest, but the evidence clearly indicat

> the overlap between important human antibiotics and the widely used animal antibiotics is modest. The overlap may be modest, but the evidence clearly indicates that the resistances as a result of them do impact important human antibiotics: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3194830/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3194830/ > Increased virginiamycin use in Danish broilers during the mid-1990s correlated with a rise in resistant E. faecium prevalence, from 27% to ∼70% (7). Following the ban, resistance declined to 34% in 2000. Likewise, in Denmark, the 1998 ban on the use of tylosin in swine resulted in a decline in erythromycin (a structurally related macrolide) resistance, from 66% to 30% > The finding of bacterial cross-resistance between NTAs used in food animals and human drugs was aptly demonstrated with avoparcin (an AGP) and its close relative vancomycin (an important human therapeutic) when vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) emerged as a serious human pathogen. A connecting link between resistance in animals and humans was revealed when Bates et al. found avoparcin- and vancomycin-coresistant enterococci in pigs and small animals from two separate farms. Ribotyping methods showed that some of the patterns from farms and sewage exactly matched those of Enterococcus spp. from the hospital (24). The structures of the two drugs are similar: they are both members of the glycopeptide family