> We could hypothesize dogs are working out calculus problems, or we could just hypothesize that the dog tried it one way, [...] Or, to put it into a human refe

> We could hypothesize dogs are working out calculus problems, or we could just hypothesize that the dog tried it one way, [...] Or, to put it into a human reference frame, we do not do calculus problems to catch things. We "just" catch them. Neurons are built to solve this problem. But the point remains that you are solving a calculus problem. I mean, I agree that some of this is over-hyping things, but I think it is actually a really important realization that a lot of people are lacking, often because they are stuck in some completely nonsensical notion of dualism, that your body does a lot of computation. Just because you are not consciously manipulating numbers does not mean you aren't computing the trajectory of your arm and the necessary activation of muscles to execute that trajectory. It's not that thinking is a prerequisite of computation, but rather computation is a prerequisite of thinking. Your arm doesn't catch a ball by thinking, but rather your arm catches the ball by computation--just as your brain thinks by computation.