From the PDF: Unfortunately, this hardware cannot safely be dismissed as "simple" or not in need of in-depth analysis. A relatively simple interface can hide v

From the PDF: Unfortunately, this hardware cannot safely be dismissed as "simple" or not in need of in-depth analysis. A relatively simple interface can hide vast implementation complexities and the 80x86 interface is far from simple. For example, the Pentium contains approximately 3.1 million transistors. Its instruction processing and pipeline architecture are extremely complex. Now we have billions of transistors in a single chip.