Yeah, I'd agree that pubsub _is_ a form of indirection in and of itself. For comparison: state.counter += 1; vs store.dispatch({type : "INCREMENT_CO

Yeah, I'd agree that pubsub _is_ a form of indirection in and of itself. For comparison: state.counter += 1; vs store.dispatch({type : "INCREMENT_COUNTER"}); // counter slice reducer case "INCREMENT_COUNTER" : return state + 1; That's indirection, because we're no longer going in and modifying the state right there. So yes, any function call that encapsulates or abstracts behavior would be a small form of indirection, and the act of describing the event or desired update as an action rather than directly implementing it is definitely a form of indirection.