- The negative prices are always temporary, bounded in time and price by the cost to spin down a generator - Only the major industrial customers actually see t

- The negative prices are always temporary, bounded in time and price by the cost to spin down a generator - Only the major industrial customers actually see the negative rates (residential customers are still paying retail) - In many regulatory environments the electric utility and power generators are different companies, so only the generators are at risk of losing money and shutting down plants