They are subsidized by the local government mostly and get some from fares. You have to consider the alternative when talking about the fare ratio though. It wo

They are subsidized by the local government mostly and get some from fares. You have to consider the alternative when talking about the fare ratio though. It would either mean building more roads, or another form of public transit. So even if fares were free and the subway cost a billion a year, if it would cost more than a billion a year for roads it saves money