> with the conductor being responsible for "enforcing" the safe operation of the train -- i.e. yell at, or even remove the engineer from the controls and/or ini

> with the conductor being responsible for "enforcing" the safe operation of the train -- i.e. yell at, or even remove the engineer from the controls and/or initiate emergency braking. Interesting that you mention this. There was a similar fatal train crash in 2003 [1] - remarkably similar circumstances to this one - in which the driver had a heart attack, resulting in excessive speed entering a curve, derailment, and collision with a rock wall. The organizational culture at the time considered the driver to be the one firmly in charge of the train. Also, the guard/conductor was not in the forward cabin with the driver, but at the rear of the train, a historical anachronism. After this crash, there was an update to training and procedures that emphasised the guard's responsibility in braking the train if the driver neglected to or was unable to. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_rail_accident https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_rail_accident