For machine learning in general, there's NIPS, ICML, and JMLR. Nowadays these conferences/journal have a nice mix of theory and practice. For natural language p

For machine learning in general, there's NIPS, ICML, and JMLR. Nowadays these conferences/journal have a nice mix of theory and practice. For natural language processing the top ones are ACL (NACL/EACL) and EMNLP. The computer vision it's CVPR and ICCV. For robotics (which uses lots of machine learning) it's ICRA and IROS. IEEE may also have some relevant material.