In response to (4). I'd posit that beginners have a hard time with this stuff because they use too many leaky abstractions. Like the article says, if you want t

In response to (4). I'd posit that beginners have a hard time with this stuff because they use too many leaky abstractions. Like the article says, if you want to use an ORM for anything non-trivial, you need to learn both the ORM and SQL, which is inherently more difficult than just learning SQL. Providing tons of abstractions to beginners so they can build something in 10 lines of code doesn't help them get better. All it does is encourage them to learn top-down when it's often much easier to learn something from the bottom-up.