Both are usually needed. This is because many properties of the final product are determined by the local fauna/flora as well. In addition there is the whole q

Both are usually needed. This is because many properties of the final product are determined by the local fauna/flora as well. In addition there is the whole question of IP for names of cities/regions. I mean if a place makes efforts to ensure that good quality products are made there, it becomes like a brand that needs to be protected. So for me protecting Parma Ham is just the same as protecting Coca Cola, just that the moral person is the community living in the place instead of a multinational company. Nothing prevents you from making of copy of Parma Ham and building your brand, just like you can copy Cocal Cola or any other product. Just don't use the name.