> In the U.S. rural telecoms access has always existed because of government mandates supported in part by government subsidies and taxes. Indeed, and the same

> In the U.S. rural telecoms access has always existed because of government mandates supported in part by government subsidies and taxes. Indeed, and the same is true of other places where wireline telephone service is universal or substantially universal. Wireline telephone service is something that should be thought of as akin to electrification or public transportation. It is unlikely to have happened guided solely by private sector profit imperatives.