6 ms·

Ask YC: Python vs. PHP

35 points by symbiotic 19y ago

So far I have done all of my web programming in PHP. I've also recently learned Python and so far I find the syntax to be annoying (that might be because I'm just used to PHP). But I've heard a lot of buzz on these boards about using Python. Can anyone give me the quick laundry list of advantages/disadvantages for each?

rguzman 19y ago
http://xkcd.com/353/ http://xkcd.com/353/ Now more intelligently. It is very expressive (little code says a lot) and the code is really easy to read. If you already know how to program it takes a few hours to get your feet wet and from there the "batteries included" philosophy makes it easy to start writing real python. More technically, my favorite features in no particular order: - list comprehensions - functions as first are first class objects (you can pass functions around just like any other piece of data) - functional programming tools - indentation determines scope (some dislike this, I don't like curly braces), and this makes the code look nice - slice notation - powerful native data structures (lists, dictionaries, sets) - args and *kwargs - awesome standard library I could probably keep going...
- eru 19y ago
  - * * dictionary arguments P.S. No two stars next two each other allowed on news.yc?
chaostheory 19y ago
for me (compared to php) python is easier to debug and it's easier to organize and abstract your logic. not to mention I think there are cooler libraries out for python than for php, and it's more versatile (desktop apps, utility scripts) instead of just being web-centric
lux 19y ago
Python is certainly the more flexible of the two languages, but if you're really familiar with PHP you may be able to write your app faster in it and get it out there faster. But there's also long-term time savings to consider as well... I haven't really done much in Python yet unfortunately, but I've worked quite a bit in Perl, PHP and Ruby, and personally I don't find any of them mind-blowingly different from one another, syntax aside. Some have more succinct syntax for looping and other things, but no major paradigm-shift IMO (like the one from imperative to functional). Most of the complaints against PHP (just like MySQL) are about things that were solved years ago, but continue to linger on anyway. I like to think of PHP not so much as a language though, but more as a wrapper around C with memory management and a more flexible type system. Looking at PHP that way shows why many of its inconsistencies exist (e.g., in function names). It's also of the "structure is optional" philosophy, which requires more discipline to code well in. Anyway, I think it comes down to figuring out whether it would save time now and later to use PHP or Python.
- cstejerean 19y ago
  I'm a bit surprised you don't find any big differences between Ruby and PHP. But then again it might be that I haven't looked at PHP in the last 4 years.
- wheels 19y ago
  Given your comparison of PHP and C I assume you think of an aircraft carrier as a canoe with more guns and metal and stuff. ;-)
  - lux 19y ago
    Not quite ;) I just mean that really if you look at PHP's function list, it really is just a wrapper around C libraries. Many functions map 1-1 from the C lib to the PHP function. That's where it gets its string function names, many of the original database libraries were exactly that (which is why there was no built-in abstraction layer for so long), and you can look at GD or any other extension for more examples. When you take that into consideration, you can see what the language designers were thinking in the decisions they made for PHP. They aren't necessarily the ideal choices, but the rationale does make sense.
    - wheels 19y ago
      I see what you're getting at, but I think it's better said like you did in the comment above. The standard library wraps a lot of C libraries. I however suspect that more came by way of Perl, which PHP was somewhat based on. As a language, aside from the fact that they're from the same syntactic family, one is a compiled, low-level iterative language, the other is an (semi-) object oriented, dynamic, garbage collected, interpreted language. In terms of language features, it's a lot closer to the Python, Ruby, Perl clan than C.
      - lux 19y ago
        Feature-wise, yes it's obviously closer to those, but what PHP did originally was wrap a Perl-esque syntax and dynamic environment (dynamic typing, interpreted code, GC, etc.) around C libraries as its "standard library". It's grown a lot since then, but the C connection still accounts for PHP's standard libraries, despite the big improvements in OOP and newer libraries in the last few years (SPL for example). That is where many design limitations come from, and it's why PHP's standard library is still mostly just a collection of a million functions instead of something more OOP like the Python or Ruby :)
dmpayton 19y ago
As someone whos only significant experience is in PHP and Python, I hope I can be of some help. I started with PHP when was 13 or so. When I was about 18, I discovered Python, and haven't looked back since. PHP is designed primarily as a web language. As such, it's pretty simple to get it up and running which is great for new web developers. The language itself, however, is pretty bad and programming concepts beyond syntax are better left to other languages. That said, I learned a lot with PHP and I think that dealing with it's idiosyncrasies and pitfalls has made me a better programmer overall. Python, OTOH, is a general-purpose language that has recently gained popularity as a web language. It has greater applicability, but it's a little more difficult to get up and running on a web server. It's great for a new programmer, but not necessarily a new web developer. Since you already have a bunch of experience developing web apps, this is probably a non-issue. We can debate advantages and disadvantages of the two languages all day. In the end, everyone is different and everyone has their own preferred language. Obviously, my language of choice is Python, Paul Graham is a LISPer, and I know someone who swears by PHP, even though he's used Python and Ruby/Rails. It doesn't matter. I say go ahead and give Python a shot. The worst that will happen is that you've added another tool to your toolbox.
jskinner 19y ago
Also, consider that Python has a lot more non-web uses that PHP does. You'll derive more benefit from Python proficiency than PHP.
paulgb 19y ago
I know Python's indentation is a big turn off to most people coming from another language; it seems almost invasive of the interpreter to pay attention to whitespace. But you get used to it, and it becomes quite nice.
- chengmi 19y ago
  I had the opposite reaction when I first learned Python--I thought forced indenting was genius. It's something that should be enforced in every language because it makes the program dramatically easier to read. One problem I've noticed with Python code online is when leading and trailing whitespace is stripped from code examples (e.g. posting code to a forum). The code just stops making sense all of a sudden.
andreyf 19y ago
Learn it and find out ;) http://docs.python.org/tut/ http://docs.python.org/tut/
doubleplus 19y ago
http://wiki.w4py.org/python-vs-php.html http://wiki.w4py.org/python-vs-php.html
- pjf 19y ago
  I find this comparison biased towards python.
wallflower 19y ago
Google App Engine Python: +2
- inovica 19y ago
  Well, personally I'm going to stick with AWS for now. Firstly out of loyalty, but secondly because Amazon has great support. Ok, ok - Google have brought this out and are focused on Python for now, but that shouldn't be a reason :) I use Python on AWS btw
theoutlander 19y ago
What about Ruby?
rob 19y ago
I found PHP to be easier to deploy. It might (because I'm not sure how much memory Python apps with mod_python or mod_wsgi really take) also be a better choice if you're making multiple sites and don't have a lot of memory on your server (e.g., 256MB VPS) since it doesn't take up too much memory.
jamongkad 19y ago
Oh this seems interesting and I hope that unlike Reddit posts about PHP this will not degenerate into another flame post. So first off I would initially recommend using PHP as it is something you already know. Learning Python is cool(although I must confess I'm more of a Ruby user) but in the interest of getting something up and running quickly. And factor in that you already know PHP. It would do you some good to learn a good PHP framework to rapidly build your app and get something out there immediately. A framework not only makes you look smart but it requires you to write code that does not merit you getting stabbed in your sleep. Ergo good PHP code. Now we can all wax rhetoric that PHP does not support Functional idioms, brain dead functions, and name spaces. But in the interest of rapid prototyping and ease of deployment PHP comes first in mind. PHP frameworks now most notably Symfony(used by Yahoo to rewrite Delicious), CakePHP, Akelos, Kohana and my personal favorite CodeIgniter changed my opinion of PHP. You can easily abstract away logic using these frameworks. And they picked out some functions out of PHP's bewildering list of functions so that you have a solid base to work with. So in a nut shell it's possible to write good PHP code but you have to exercise some discipline for it not to turn into spaghetti code. Another reason you might want to carefully choose a language is the type of application you want for it. Let me explain, my company makes web based applications that customers can host within their corporate server. Now I don't want to waste much time trying to configure the server to run a specialize application. In fact I need something that can be installed and used right away in the shortest amount of time. So my choice of using PHP is more of a business decision as well. So just weigh things out and ask yourself what do you wish to accomplish. Right tool for the right job. edit: oh please consider reading this book http://www.manning.com/reiersol/ http://www.manning.com/reiersol/ makes a good study on how to write good PHP code.
dazzawazza 19y ago
I developed my first web app last year. I decided to use python as I already knew it. I didn't find python got in the way at all. In fact MOST of the code for the site is in preprocessing data and python worked equally well for that as it did serving content. PHP developers I've spoken to say that while PHP could have done the processing, python was a better choice. Just thought I'd mention that. good luck.
brent 19y ago
The syntax that you hate will grow on you. If you're like me, at some point you'll wonder why other languages do not use whitespace effectively. It may be annoying at first, but when you revisit code later it makes it much more readable imho. If you're referring to other syntactic details, many grow on you, but luckily there is a fair amount of flexibility in coding style.
inovica 19y ago
It depends what you want to do with it ultimately. I use both - generally PHP for web-based front-ends and Python for heavy lifting (crawlers, text processing etc)
jmtulloss 19y ago
PHP: - Easy to deploy on a webserver - Easy to integrate with HTML (good for small sites) Python: - Not ugly - Real and consistent object system - Better documentation than PHP (even though PHP's is good) - More consistent libraries - BDFL (PHP is an unregulated mess) - Good C API - Excellent web frameworks - Excellent desktop app support - Very cross platform compatible - http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/ - It makes me smile
- thorax 19y ago
  Just so you know my position, I'm a major advocate for Python. I love it and not long ago talked about my "fun" integrating it with Counter-Strike: Source at PyCon, introducing Python to thousands of gaming enthusiasts who have never coded befre. Where can you point me to "better documentation than PHP"? This is a major difficulty for new people getting into Python-- the documentation is really quite poor and out-dated. My life would be much easier if the core Python documentation was nearly as good and organized as PHP or, even, MSDN. What I really want is for every framework and language to have documentation as stellar as the user guide for the PHP framework Code Igniter: http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/ http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/ As a long time Python hacker, I'm used to using the interactive interpreter for my documentation needs (and then the source later). But that is absolutely not sufficient for newbies coming into Python-- they're lost in the arcane organization and formatting of the core Python documentation. If you have a site that provides better core/comprehensive documentation than the official Python docs, let me know, as there are hundreds of Python scripters who would love it.
  - lux 19y ago
    Years ago when I was switching from Perl to something else (I ended up on PHP mainly, and others where needed), I did look at Python but documentation was something that seemed lacking at that time. It just made me think at that point that Python wasn't going to be easy to find answers for when I run into problems. Sad to see that hasn't changed yet, it's been about 7 years since I really looked at it, and has gained some huge traction recently too.
  - ijoshua 19y ago
sabat 19y ago
Sigh. I cannot in good conscience support a language in which an indent has semantic value. It's just not right. :-)
symbiotic 19y ago
Thanks for all of the comments. doubleplus' link was particularly helpful. I should clarify that I already have a prototype in PHP and was thinking about switching to Python for the beta/release version if it seems worth it.
tptacek 19y ago
I find this to be a useful assessment of PHP: http://www.tnx.nl/php http://www.tnx.nl/php
deleted 19y ago
[deleted]
- deleted 19y ago
  [deleted]

35 points by symbiotic 19y ago

rguzman 19y ago

http://xkcd.com/353/ http://xkcd.com/353/ Now more intelligently. It is very expressive (little code says a lot) and the code is really easy to read. If you already know how to program it takes a few hours to get your feet wet and from there the "batteries included" philosophy makes it easy to start writing real python. More technically, my favorite features in no particular order: - list comprehensions - functions as first are first class objects (you can pass functions around just like any other piece of data) - functional programming tools - indentation determines scope (some dislike this, I don't like curly braces), and this makes the code look nice - slice notation - powerful native data structures (lists, dictionaries, sets) - args and *kwargs - awesome standard library I could probably keep going...

eru 19y ago
- * * dictionary arguments P.S. No two stars next two each other allowed on news.yc?

chaostheory 19y ago

for me (compared to php) python is easier to debug and it's easier to organize and abstract your logic. not to mention I think there are cooler libraries out for python than for php, and it's more versatile (desktop apps, utility scripts) instead of just being web-centric

lux 19y ago

Python is certainly the more flexible of the two languages, but if you're really familiar with PHP you may be able to write your app faster in it and get it out there faster. But there's also long-term time savings to consider as well... I haven't really done much in Python yet unfortunately, but I've worked quite a bit in Perl, PHP and Ruby, and personally I don't find any of them mind-blowingly different from one another, syntax aside. Some have more succinct syntax for looping and other things, but no major paradigm-shift IMO (like the one from imperative to functional). Most of the complaints against PHP (just like MySQL) are about things that were solved years ago, but continue to linger on anyway. I like to think of PHP not so much as a language though, but more as a wrapper around C with memory management and a more flexible type system. Looking at PHP that way shows why many of its inconsistencies exist (e.g., in function names). It's also of the "structure is optional" philosophy, which requires more discipline to code well in. Anyway, I think it comes down to figuring out whether it would save time now and later to use PHP or Python.

cstejerean 19y ago
I'm a bit surprised you don't find any big differences between Ruby and PHP. But then again it might be that I haven't looked at PHP in the last 4 years.
wheels 19y ago
Given your comparison of PHP and C I assume you think of an aircraft carrier as a canoe with more guns and metal and stuff. ;-)
- lux 19y ago
  Not quite ;) I just mean that really if you look at PHP's function list, it really is just a wrapper around C libraries. Many functions map 1-1 from the C lib to the PHP function. That's where it gets its string function names, many of the original database libraries were exactly that (which is why there was no built-in abstraction layer for so long), and you can look at GD or any other extension for more examples. When you take that into consideration, you can see what the language designers were thinking in the decisions they made for PHP. They aren't necessarily the ideal choices, but the rationale does make sense.
  - wheels 19y ago
    I see what you're getting at, but I think it's better said like you did in the comment above. The standard library wraps a lot of C libraries. I however suspect that more came by way of Perl, which PHP was somewhat based on. As a language, aside from the fact that they're from the same syntactic family, one is a compiled, low-level iterative language, the other is an (semi-) object oriented, dynamic, garbage collected, interpreted language. In terms of language features, it's a lot closer to the Python, Ruby, Perl clan than C.
    - lux 19y ago
      Feature-wise, yes it's obviously closer to those, but what PHP did originally was wrap a Perl-esque syntax and dynamic environment (dynamic typing, interpreted code, GC, etc.) around C libraries as its "standard library". It's grown a lot since then, but the C connection still accounts for PHP's standard libraries, despite the big improvements in OOP and newer libraries in the last few years (SPL for example). That is where many design limitations come from, and it's why PHP's standard library is still mostly just a collection of a million functions instead of something more OOP like the Python or Ruby :)

dmpayton 19y ago

As someone whos only significant experience is in PHP and Python, I hope I can be of some help. I started with PHP when was 13 or so. When I was about 18, I discovered Python, and haven't looked back since. PHP is designed primarily as a web language. As such, it's pretty simple to get it up and running which is great for new web developers. The language itself, however, is pretty bad and programming concepts beyond syntax are better left to other languages. That said, I learned a lot with PHP and I think that dealing with it's idiosyncrasies and pitfalls has made me a better programmer overall. Python, OTOH, is a general-purpose language that has recently gained popularity as a web language. It has greater applicability, but it's a little more difficult to get up and running on a web server. It's great for a new programmer, but not necessarily a new web developer. Since you already have a bunch of experience developing web apps, this is probably a non-issue. We can debate advantages and disadvantages of the two languages all day. In the end, everyone is different and everyone has their own preferred language. Obviously, my language of choice is Python, Paul Graham is a LISPer, and I know someone who swears by PHP, even though he's used Python and Ruby/Rails. It doesn't matter. I say go ahead and give Python a shot. The worst that will happen is that you've added another tool to your toolbox.

jskinner 19y ago

Also, consider that Python has a lot more non-web uses that PHP does. You'll derive more benefit from Python proficiency than PHP.

paulgb 19y ago

I know Python's indentation is a big turn off to most people coming from another language; it seems almost invasive of the interpreter to pay attention to whitespace. But you get used to it, and it becomes quite nice.

chengmi 19y ago
I had the opposite reaction when I first learned Python--I thought forced indenting was genius. It's something that should be enforced in every language because it makes the program dramatically easier to read. One problem I've noticed with Python code online is when leading and trailing whitespace is stripped from code examples (e.g. posting code to a forum). The code just stops making sense all of a sudden.

andreyf 19y ago

Learn it and find out ;) http://docs.python.org/tut/ http://docs.python.org/tut/

doubleplus 19y ago

http://wiki.w4py.org/python-vs-php.html http://wiki.w4py.org/python-vs-php.html

pjf 19y ago
I find this comparison biased towards python.

wallflower 19y ago

Google App Engine Python: +2

inovica 19y ago
Well, personally I'm going to stick with AWS for now. Firstly out of loyalty, but secondly because Amazon has great support. Ok, ok - Google have brought this out and are focused on Python for now, but that shouldn't be a reason :) I use Python on AWS btw

theoutlander 19y ago

What about Ruby?

rob 19y ago

I found PHP to be easier to deploy. It might (because I'm not sure how much memory Python apps with mod_python or mod_wsgi really take) also be a better choice if you're making multiple sites and don't have a lot of memory on your server (e.g., 256MB VPS) since it doesn't take up too much memory.

jamongkad 19y ago

Oh this seems interesting and I hope that unlike Reddit posts about PHP this will not degenerate into another flame post. So first off I would initially recommend using PHP as it is something you already know. Learning Python is cool(although I must confess I'm more of a Ruby user) but in the interest of getting something up and running quickly. And factor in that you already know PHP. It would do you some good to learn a good PHP framework to rapidly build your app and get something out there immediately. A framework not only makes you look smart but it requires you to write code that does not merit you getting stabbed in your sleep. Ergo good PHP code. Now we can all wax rhetoric that PHP does not support Functional idioms, brain dead functions, and name spaces. But in the interest of rapid prototyping and ease of deployment PHP comes first in mind. PHP frameworks now most notably Symfony(used by Yahoo to rewrite Delicious), CakePHP, Akelos, Kohana and my personal favorite CodeIgniter changed my opinion of PHP. You can easily abstract away logic using these frameworks. And they picked out some functions out of PHP's bewildering list of functions so that you have a solid base to work with. So in a nut shell it's possible to write good PHP code but you have to exercise some discipline for it not to turn into spaghetti code. Another reason you might want to carefully choose a language is the type of application you want for it. Let me explain, my company makes web based applications that customers can host within their corporate server. Now I don't want to waste much time trying to configure the server to run a specialize application. In fact I need something that can be installed and used right away in the shortest amount of time. So my choice of using PHP is more of a business decision as well. So just weigh things out and ask yourself what do you wish to accomplish. Right tool for the right job. edit: oh please consider reading this book http://www.manning.com/reiersol/ http://www.manning.com/reiersol/ makes a good study on how to write good PHP code.

dazzawazza 19y ago

I developed my first web app last year. I decided to use python as I already knew it. I didn't find python got in the way at all. In fact MOST of the code for the site is in preprocessing data and python worked equally well for that as it did serving content. PHP developers I've spoken to say that while PHP could have done the processing, python was a better choice. Just thought I'd mention that. good luck.

brent 19y ago

The syntax that you hate will grow on you. If you're like me, at some point you'll wonder why other languages do not use whitespace effectively. It may be annoying at first, but when you revisit code later it makes it much more readable imho. If you're referring to other syntactic details, many grow on you, but luckily there is a fair amount of flexibility in coding style.

inovica 19y ago

It depends what you want to do with it ultimately. I use both - generally PHP for web-based front-ends and Python for heavy lifting (crawlers, text processing etc)

jmtulloss 19y ago

PHP: - Easy to deploy on a webserver - Easy to integrate with HTML (good for small sites) Python: - Not ugly - Real and consistent object system - Better documentation than PHP (even though PHP's is good) - More consistent libraries - BDFL (PHP is an unregulated mess) - Good C API - Excellent web frameworks - Excellent desktop app support - Very cross platform compatible - http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/ - It makes me smile

thorax 19y ago
Just so you know my position, I'm a major advocate for Python. I love it and not long ago talked about my "fun" integrating it with Counter-Strike: Source at PyCon, introducing Python to thousands of gaming enthusiasts who have never coded befre. Where can you point me to "better documentation than PHP"? This is a major difficulty for new people getting into Python-- the documentation is really quite poor and out-dated. My life would be much easier if the core Python documentation was nearly as good and organized as PHP or, even, MSDN. What I really want is for every framework and language to have documentation as stellar as the user guide for the PHP framework Code Igniter: http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/ http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/ As a long time Python hacker, I'm used to using the interactive interpreter for my documentation needs (and then the source later). But that is absolutely not sufficient for newbies coming into Python-- they're lost in the arcane organization and formatting of the core Python documentation. If you have a site that provides better core/comprehensive documentation than the official Python docs, let me know, as there are hundreds of Python scripters who would love it.
- lux 19y ago
  Years ago when I was switching from Perl to something else (I ended up on PHP mainly, and others where needed), I did look at Python but documentation was something that seemed lacking at that time. It just made me think at that point that Python wasn't going to be easy to find answers for when I run into problems. Sad to see that hasn't changed yet, it's been about 7 years since I really looked at it, and has gained some huge traction recently too.
- ijoshua 19y ago

sabat 19y ago

Sigh. I cannot in good conscience support a language in which an indent has semantic value. It's just not right. :-)

symbiotic 19y ago

Thanks for all of the comments. doubleplus' link was particularly helpful. I should clarify that I already have a prototype in PHP and was thinking about switching to Python for the beta/release version if it seems worth it.

tptacek 19y ago

I find this to be a useful assessment of PHP: http://www.tnx.nl/php http://www.tnx.nl/php

deleted 19y ago

[deleted]

deleted 19y ago
[deleted]