This assumes the African societies were of lower standard than European societies of mid XIXth century. I think it was not the case, most European countries we

This assumes the African societies were of lower standard than European societies of mid XIXth century. I think it was not the case, most European countries were simply horribly brutal, and it did not stop in the XXth century even after independence. Someone who was in CDR after the independence told me that Belgians used the local workforce to build a 65km long montainous road to the west of Kivu. There were 2000 dead workers. That is what African colonialism and post colonialism really is. (edited: Replaced east by west)