Research is an input into productivity, but you need the application of research to actually turn it into productivity. This is a little self congratulatory in

Research is an input into productivity, but you need the application of research to actually turn it into productivity. This is a little self congratulatory in HN, but entrepreneurship is the application of research. So you need that to "activate" research. China is catching up not (just) because of research but also because they're applying it.