Payment channels and LN don't introduce trusted 3rd parties or counterparty risk. Payment channels weren't discussed in the whitepaper, but Satoshi discussed a

Payment channels and LN don't introduce trusted 3rd parties or counterparty risk. Payment channels weren't discussed in the whitepaper, but Satoshi discussed and attempted some payment channel designs[1]. He left before coming up with a secure payment channel design. Recent improvements to Bitcoin, including the transaction malleability fix included in the recent segwit upgrade a few months ago, finally make secure payment channels feasible. [1] https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Payment_channels#Nakamoto_high-frequency_transactions https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Payment_channels#Nakamoto_high-fr...