I think this is to be expected from organizations that don't have software as a core activity. You don't attract the best people, don't motivate the people you

I think this is to be expected from organizations that don't have software as a core activity. You don't attract the best people, don't motivate the people you have, and don't promote them. It has happened again and again: Target, Equifax, Toyota, Therac-25, etc... The seemingly most effective means of mitigating it appears to be to throw money at people (ex: Wall Street and to a lesser extent biotech) or to be in a really hot field (which basically allows you to throw money at the problem).