There are lots of interesting competitive programming problems (and their related algorithms) that involve it. For example, it was important in the solution to

There are lots of interesting competitive programming problems (and their related algorithms) that involve it. For example, it was important in the solution to a problem in the UKIEPC (UK & Irish programming contest to gear up for the ACM ICPC) this past weekend: https://domjudge.bath.ac.uk/domjudge/public/problem.php?id=34 https://domjudge.bath.ac.uk/domjudge/public/problem.php?id=3... :)