I think you massively overestimate the costs of ER care for the uninsured that do not pay their bills. Charity costs are around 2.3% of operating expenses for y

I think you massively overestimate the costs of ER care for the uninsured that do not pay their bills. Charity costs are around 2.3% of operating expenses for your average non-profit hospital. 2.3% loss is not how you end up with bills that are 6, 10, or 15 times inflated. Poor people in the ER isn't what is driving health care or hospital costs.