see skymuse's detailed response... for algorithms, highly recommend https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intr

see skymuse's detailed response... for algorithms, highly recommend https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms book.. it uses pseudocode and thus language agnostic choice of language at production level depends on lot of factors. for ex: you might choose C for speed of execution but Python would win hands-down in time taken for you to write the code, including testing... getting used to programming takes long time and learning continues life long..