It's someone not part to the ISP<->customer contract, namely that unknown video startup in Nantucket, or the e2e-encrpyted messenger app your friend Lauren is w

It's someone not part to the ISP<->customer contract, namely that unknown video startup in Nantucket, or the e2e-encrpyted messenger app your friend Lauren is working on. They're going to be forced into paying ISPs if they ever want to reach the ISPs' customers. And there's no risk to the ISP, because nobody is going to change ISPs for some startup they've never heard about. This is the problem with every truly great crime -- once it's fait accompli, the harm becomes impossible to prove. Whether it's MS of the 1990s with anticompetitive OEM agreements, or ISPs of today, we simply never get to experience the richer, more vibrant world that never was.