Clearly, identities (Catalan, Spanish, religious, atheist, ...) are very much layered, personal, and they fluctuate with time. How to reinvent the nation state

Clearly, identities (Catalan, Spanish, religious, atheist, ...) are very much layered, personal, and they fluctuate with time. How to reinvent the nation state (whether the Catalan, the Spanish or any other one) to take that into account seems to be a largely unanswered question. Any good reading recommendations on that? Surely, there must be creative solutions! Maybe information technology can even help technically underpin progress in this area? P.S. Good luck to all the Spanish and Catalan people that treat their neighbours with respect. I hope for a peaceful solution.