Yes, this is very much a multivariable optimization. For comparison of healthcare systems, it'd help to choose a common set of N disease therapies and services

Yes, this is very much a multivariable optimization. For comparison of healthcare systems, it'd help to choose a common set of N disease therapies and services, then assess each for outcome and cost applied across perhaps three economic tiers of the public: zero, middle, and upper incomes. I'd also like to know what protection each system provides against personal bankruptcy. And which system allows life saving therapy for those .01 percenters for whom a cure is available but extremely expensive or inconvenient (e.g. hepatitis C vaccine or CAR-T therapy). At what percentiles are those lines drawn? How to the programs compare? (For example, I have the sense that Canada disallows a larger fraction of expensive treatments and delays treatments longer than most other systems, especially near end of life.)