As for the cryptography available in many IDs: Those usually are a terrible idea, because it's a black box that decides who has rights and who has not. How woul

As for the cryptography available in many IDs: Those usually are a terrible idea, because it's a black box that decides who has rights and who has not. How would a court investigate the reliability of some smart card? Or does that effectively transform courts into institutions that sign orders from whoever actually controls the smart cards? If the card says you signed a contract, you signed it?