While selling devices with schematics was a common practice everywhere, you are, interestingly, correct. The USSR had the government organization, GosFAP(ГосФАП

While selling devices with schematics was a common practice everywhere, you are, interestingly, correct. The USSR had the government organization, GosFAP(ГосФАП, National Fund of Algorithms and Programs), which was enforcing sharing of code in the country. I recall reading in some memoirs that it effectively shunted software development as you had to register any software with it and it involved printing source code, filling forms and traveling to the physical location of the office and interacting with a number of officials for a number of days. And even if something got registered there it was for the version 1.0 and never had been updated.